Oral Oncology
Volume 46, Issue 7 , Pages 525-530 , July 2010

Analysis of Ki-67 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Why Ki-67 is not a prognostic indicator

  • M.A. Gonzalez-Moles

      Affiliations

    • Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Paseo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Address: Facultad de Odontología, Paseo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain. Tel.: +34 958243804; fax: +34 9582409080.
  • ,
  • I. Ruiz-Avila

      Affiliations

    • Pathology Department, “Complejo Hospitalario”, Jaen. Avda Ejercito Español 10, 23007 Jaen, Spain
  • ,
  • J.A. Gil-Montoya

      Affiliations

    • Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Paseo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
  • ,
  • F. Esteban

      Affiliations

    • Otorhinolaryngology Department, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Sevilla, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
  • ,
  • M. Bravo

      Affiliations

    • Preventive and Public Health in Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Paseo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain

Received 7 January 2010 ,Revised 16 March 2010 ,Accepted 16 March 2010.

References 

  1. van Diest PJ, Brugal G, Baak JPA. Proliferation markers in tumours: interpretation and clinical value. J Clin Pathol. 1998;51:716–724
  2. Tubiana M, Courdi A. Cell proliferation kinetics in human solid tumors: relation to probability of metastatic dissemination and long term survival. Radiother Oncol. 1989;15:1–18
  3. Pich A, Chiusa L, Navone R. Prognostic relevance of cell proliferation in head and neck tumors. Ann Oncol. 2004;15(9):1319–1329
  4. Gerdes J, Schwab U, Lemke H, Stein H. Production of a monoclonal antibody reactive with a human nuclear antigen associated with cell proliferation. Int J Cancer. 1983;31:13–20
  5. Cattoretti G, Becker MH, Key G, Duchrow M, Schlüter C, Galle J, et al. Monoclonal antibodies against recombinant parts of the Ki-67 antigen (MIB-1 and MIB-3) detect proliferating cells in microwave-processed formalin-fixed paraffin sections. J Pathol. 1992;168:357–363
  6. Sittel C, Ruiz S, Volling P, Kvasnicka HM, Jungehülsing M, Eckel HE. Prognostic significance of Ki-67 (MIB 1), PCNA and p53 in cancer of the oropharynx and oral cavity. Oral Oncol. 1999;35:583–589
  7. Girod SC, Pfeiffer P, Ries J, Pape HD. Proliferative activity and loss of function of tumour suppressor genes as ‘biomarkers’ in diagnosis and prognosis of benign and preneoplastic oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998;36:252–260
  8. Matsumoto M, Komiyama K, Okaue M, Shimoyama Y, Iwakami K, Namaki S, et al. Predicting tumor metastasis in patients with oral cancer by means of the proliferation marker KI67. J Oral Sci. 1999;41:53–56
  9. Xie X, De Angelis P, Clausen OP, Boysen M. Prognostic significance of proliferative and apoptotic markers in oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol. 1999;35:502–509
  10. Lee J, Jin B, Kim M, Yoon H, Hong S, Hong S. Prognostic significance of CXCR-4 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. OOOOE. 2009;107:678–684
  11. Roland NJ, Caslin AW, Bowie GL, Jones AS. Has the cellular proliferation marker Ki67 any clinical relevance in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck?. Clin Otolaryngol. 1994;19:13–18
  12. Valente G, Orecchia R, Gandolfo S, Arnaudo M, Ragona R, Kerim S, et al. Can Ki67 immunostaining predict response to radiotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma?. J Clin Pathol. 1994;47:109–112
  13. Gonzalez-Moles MA, Caballero R, Rodriguez-Archilla A, Ruiz-Avila I, Bravo I. Prognosis value of the expression of Ki-67 for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Acta Stomatol Belg. 1996;93:159–165
  14. Piffkó J, Bánkfalvi A, Ofner D, Kusch F, Böcker W, Joos U, et al. In situ assessment of cell proliferation at the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Virchows Arch. 1996;429:229–234
  15. Stoll C, Baretton G, Ahrens C, Lohrs U. Prognostic significance of apoptosis and associated factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch. 2000;436:102–108
  16. Bettendorf O, Herrmann G. Prognostic relevance of Ki-67 antigen expression in 329 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2002;64:200–205
  17. Carinci F, Stabellini G, Calvitti M, Pelucchi S, Targa L, Farina A, et al. CD44 as prognostic factor in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniofac Surg. 2002;13:85–89
  18. Okamoto M, Nishimine M, Kishi M, Kirita T, Sugimura M, Nakamura M, et al. Prediction of delayed neck metastasis in patients with stage I/II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. J Oral Pathol Med. 2002;31:227–233
  19. Shah NG, Trivedi T, Tankshali RA, Goswami JV, Jetly DH, Shukla SN, et al. Prognosis significance of molecular marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a multivariate analysis. Head Neck. 2009;31:1544–1556
  20. Torres-Rendon A, Roy S, Craig GT, Speight PM. Expression of Mcm2, geminin and Ki67 in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasias and their corresponding squamous-cell carcinomas. Br J Cancer. 2009;100:1128–1134
  21. Johnson N, Franceschi S, Ferlay J, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma. In:  Barnes L,  Eveson JW,  Reichart P,  Sidransky D editor. Pathology and genetics. Head and neck tumours. Lyon: IARC Press; 2005;p. 168–175
  22. Tabor MP, Brakenhoff RH, Ruijter-Schippers HJ, Van Der Wal JE, Snow GB, Lemans CR, et al. Multiple head and neck tumors frequently originate from a single preneoplastic lesion. Am J Pathol. 2002;161(3):1051–1060
  23. Hong WK, Lippman SM, Itri LM, Karp DD, Lee JS, Byers RM, et al. Prevention of second primary tumors with isotretinoin in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:795–801
  24. Hashibe M, Ritz B, Le AD, Li G, Sankaranarayanan R, Zhang ZF. Radiotherapy for oral cancer as a risk factor for second primary cancers. Cancer Lett. 2005;220(2):185–195
  25. van Houten VM, Tabor MP, van den Brekel MW, Kummer JA, Denkers F, Dijkstra J, et al. Mutated P53 as molecular marker for the diagnosis of head and neck cancer. J Pathol. 2002;198:476–486
  26. Woolgar JA. Histopathological prognosticators in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2006;42:229–239
  27. Shah BV, BarnWell BG, Bieler GS. SUDAAN software for the statistical analysis of correlated data. User’s manual. Release 7.0. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 1996;
  28. Doménech JM, Sarriá A. Análisis de supervivencia. Barcelona: Editorial Gráficas Signo SA; 1993;
  29. Doménech JM, Sarriá A. Modelo de regresión de Cox. Barcelona: Editorial Gráficas Signo SA; 1993;
  30. Derenzini M, Sirri V, Trere D, Ochs RL. The quantity of nucleolar proteins nucleolin and protein B23 is related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells. Lab Invest. 1995;73:497–502
  31. Dong H, Bertler C, Schneider E, Ritter MA. Assessment of cell proliferation by AgNOR scores and Ki-67 labeling indices and a comparison with potential doubling times. Cytometry. 1997;28:280–288
  32. Janes SM, Lowell S, Hutter C. Epidermal stem cells. J Pathol. 2002;197(4):479–491
  33. Mackenzie IC. Stem cell properties and epithelial malignancies. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42(9):1204–1212
  34. Barrandon Y, Green H. Three clonal types of keratinocyte with different capacities for multiplication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987;84:2302–2306
  35. Jones PH, Watt FM. Separation of human epidermal stem-cells from transit amplifying cells on the basis of differences in integrin function and expression. Cell. 1993;73:713–724
  36. Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, Weissman IL. Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature. 2001;414(6859):105–111
  37. Locke M, Heywood M, Fawell S, Mackenzie IC. Retention of intrinsic stem cell hierarchies in carcinoma-derived cell lines. Cancer Res. 2005;65(19):8944–8950
  38. Denekamp J. Tumour stem cells: facts, interpretation and consequences. Radiother Oncol. 1994;30(1):6–10
  39. González-Moles MA, Bravo M, Ruiz-Ávila I, Acebal F, Gil-Montoya JA, Brener S, et al. Ki-67 expression in non-tumour epithelium adjacent to oral cancer as risk marker for multiple oral tumours. Oral Dis, in press. doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01611.
  40. Tabor MP, Brakenhoff RH, Ruijter-Schippers HJ, Van Der Wal JE, Snow GB, Leemans CR, et al. Comparative molecular and histological grading of epithelial dysplasia of the oral cavity and the oropharynx. J Pathol. 2003;199:354–360
  41. Gonzalez-Moles MA, Esteban F, Rodriguez-Archilla A, Ruiz-Avila I, Gonzalez-Moles S. Importance of tumour thickness measurement in prognosis of tongue cancer. Oral Oncol. 2002;38(4):394–397
  42. Gonzalez-Moles MA, Bravo M, Ruiz-Avila I, Esteban F, Rodriguez-Archilla A, Gonzalez-Moles S, et al. Adhesion molecule CD44 as a prognostic factor in tongue cancer. Anticancer Res. 2003;23(6D):5197–5202
  43. González-Moles MA, Bravo M, Ruiz-Avila I, Esteban F, Bascones-Martínez A, González-Moles S. Adhesion molecule CD44 expression in non-tumour epithelium adjacent to tongue cancer. Oral Oncol. 2004;40(3):281–286
  44. de Vicente JC, Fresno MF, Villalain L, Vega JA, Hernández Vallejo G. Expression and clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2005;41(3):283–293

PII: S1368-8375(10)00111-9

doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.03.020

Oral Oncology
Volume 46, Issue 7 , Pages 525-530 , July 2010