Oral Oncology
Volume 46, Issue 6 , Pages 402-406 , June 2010

Overview of cancer for the healthcare team: Aetiopathogenesis and early diagnosis

  • Crispian Scully

      Affiliations

    • UCL-Eastman, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 207 915 1170; fax: +44 207 915 1232.
    • ,
  • Stefano Petti

      Affiliations

    • Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy

References 

  1. Scully C, Moles D. Oral cancer in “Encyclopedia of Public Health”. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2008;
  2. Scully C, Field JK, Tanzawa H. Genetic aberrations in oral or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN): 1. Carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair and cell cycle control. Oral Oncol. 2000;36:256–263
  3. Scully C, Field JK, Tanzawa H. Genetic aberrations in oral or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 2: chromosomal aberrations. Oral Oncol. 2000;36:311–327
  4. Scully C, Field JK, Tanzawa H. Genetic aberrations in oral or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 3: clinic-pathological applications. Oral Oncol. 2000;36:404–413
  5. Petti S. Lifestyle risk factors for oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2009 April–May;45(4–5):340-350 [Epub 2008 July 31].
  6. Brunnemann KD, Prokopczyk B, Djordjevic MV, et al. Formation and analysis of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1996;26:121–137
  7. Hoffmann D, Hoffmann I. The changing cigarette, 1950–1995. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1997;50:307–364
  8. Cogliano V, Straif K, Baan R, et al. Smokeless tobacco and tobacco-related nitrosamines. Lancet Oncol. 2004;5:708
  9. IARC. Betel-quid and Areca-nut chewing and some Areca-nut-derived nitrosamines. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol. 85. Lyon: IARC; 2004.
  10. Sawair FA, Al-Mutwakel A, Al-Eryani K, et al. High relative frequency of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Yemen: qat and tobacco chewing as its aetiological background. Int J Environ Health Res. 2007;17:185–195
  11. Fasanmade A, Kwok E, Newman L. Oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with khat chewing. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:e53–e55
  12. Hashibe M, Straif K, Tashkin DP, et al. Epidemiologic review of marijuana use and cancer risk. Alcohol. 2005;35:265–275
  13. Seitz HK, Cho CH. Contribution of alcohol and tobacco use in gastrointestinal cancer development. Method Mol Biol. 2009;472:217–241
  14. Roepman P, Wessels LF, Kettelarij N, et al. An expression profile for diagnosis of lymph node metastases from primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nat Genet. 2005;37:182–186
  15. Lippman SM, Hong WK. Second malignant tumors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: the overshadowing threat for patients with early-stage disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1989;17:691–694
  16. Scully C. Medical problems in dentistry. 4th ed. Oxford, Edinburgh, London: Elsevier; 2010.
  17. Petti S, Scully C. Alcohol and oral health. In:  Wilson M editors. Food constituents and oral health: current status and future prospects. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Ltd.; 2009;p. 350–380
  18. Ernst E. Harmless herbs? A review of the recent literature. Amer J Med. 1998;104:170–178
  19. Boucher BJ, Mannan N. Metabolic effects of the consumption of Areca catechu. Addict Biol. 2002 January;1:103–110
  20. Tominaga S. Major avoidable risk factors of cancer. Cancer Lett. 1999;143(Suppl 1):S19–S23
  21. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-betelnut.html>.
  22. Boyle P, Autier P, Bartelink H, Boffetta Baselga J, Burn J, Burns HJG, et al. European code against cancer and scientific justification: third version. Annal Oncol. 2003;14:973–1005
  23. Scully C, Boyle P, Day T, Hill B, Joshi V, Leupold NE, et al. International consortium on head and neck cancer awareness (ICOHANCA). Oral Oncol. 2007;43:841–842
  24. Califano J, Westra WH, Meininger G, et al. Genetic progression and clonal relationship of recurrent premalignant head and neck lesions. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6:347–352
  25. Braakhuis BJ, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH. A genetic progression model of oral cancer: current evidence and clinical implications. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004;33:317–322
  26. Braakhuis BJ, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH. Expanding fields of genetically altered cells in head and neck squamous carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol. 2005;15:113–120
  27. Braakhuis BJ, Brakenhoff RH, Leemans CR. Head and neck cancer: molecular carcinogenesis. Annal Oncol. 2005;16(Suppl 2):ii249–ii250
  28. Tabor MP, Brakenhoff RH, Ruijter-Schippers HJ, et al. Genetically altered fields as origin of locally recurrent head and neck cancer: a retrospective study. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:3607–3613
  29. Chiesa F, Sala L, Costa L, et al. Excision of oral leukoplakias by CO2 laser on an out-patient basis: a useful procedure for prevention and early detection of oral carcinomas. Tumori. 1986;72:307–312
  30. Holmstrup P, Vedtofte P, Reibel J, et al. Oral premalignant lesions: is a biopsy reliable?. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007;36:262–266
  31. Abbey LM, Kaugars GE, Gunsolley JC, Burns JC, Page DG, Svirsky JA, et al. Intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability in the diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;80:188–191
  32. Karabulut A, Reibel J, Therkildsen MH, Praetorius F, Nielsen HW, Dabelsteen E. Observer variability in the histologic assessment of oral premalignant lesions. J Oral Pathol Med. 1995;24:198–200
  33. Fischer DJ, Epstein JB, Morton TH, Schwartz SM. Reliability of histologic diagnosis of clinically normal intraoral tissue adjacent to clinically suspicious lesions in former upper aerodigestive tract cancer patients. Oral Oncol. 2005;41:489–496[Epub 2005 March 16]
  34. Brennan JA, Mao L, Hruban RH, et al. Molecular assessment of histopathological staging in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:429–435
  35. Bilde A, von Buchwald C, Dabelsteen E, et al. Molecular markers in the surgical margin of oral carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med. 2009;38:72–78
  36. Cortesina G, Martone T, Galeazzi E, et al. Staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using the MET oncogene product as marker of tumor cells in lymph node metastases. Int J Cancer. 2000;89:286–292
  37. Santhi WS, Sebastian P, Varghese BT, et al. NF-kappaB and COX-2 during oral tumorigenesis and in assessment of minimal residual disease in surgical margins. Exp Mol Pathol. 2006;81:123–130
  38. Shaw RJ, Hall GL, Woolgar JA, et al. Quantitative methylation analysis of resection margins and lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;45:617–622
  39. Shaw RJ, Liloglou T, Rogers SN, et al. Promoter methylation of P16, RARbeta, E-cadherin, cyclin A1 and cytoglobin in oral cancer: quantitative evaluation using pyrosequencing. Br J Cancer. 2006;94:561–568
  40. Ball VA, Righi PD, Tejada E, et al. P53 immunostaining of surgical margins as a predictor of local recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Ear Nose Throat J. 1997;76:818–823
  41. Tjebbes GW, Leppers vd Straat FG, Tilanus MG, et al. P53 tumor suppressor gene as a clonal marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: p53 mutations in primary tumor and matched lymph node metastases. Oral Oncol. 1999;35:384–389
  42. Lee JJ, Hong WK, Hittelman WN, et al. Predicting cancer development in oral leukoplakia: ten years of translational research. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6:1702–1710
  43. Scully C, Sudbø J, Speight PM. Progress in determining the malignant potential of oral lesions. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003;32:251–256

PII: S1368-8375(10)00073-4

doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.02.026

Oral Oncology
Volume 46, Issue 6 , Pages 402-406 , June 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution